Which situation would be outside the arrest authority of a security guard?

The situation that is outside the arrest authority of a security guard is when a misdemeanor has been committed, and probable cause exists that the person arrested committed it. In this context, security guards generally have the authority to detain individuals only for certain offenses that occur in their presence.

When it comes to misdemeanors, while security personnel can act under certain circumstances, their power is limited compared to law enforcement officers. Arresting someone for a misdemeanor typically requires that the offense must have been witnessed firsthand. If the security guard has not directly observed the misdemeanor, they may not have the legal authority to arrest the individual, despite having probable cause.

On the other hand, when a public offense is committed in the guard's presence, they are empowered to act. Similarly, the authority to act on a felony even if not witnessed is permitted under certain conditions, provided there is probable cause.